BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//Manufacturers&#039; Association of Central PA - ECPv6.17.1//NONSGML v1.0//EN
CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
METHOD:PUBLISH
X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://macentralpa.org
X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Manufacturers&#039; Association of Central PA
REFRESH-INTERVAL;VALUE=DURATION:PT1H
X-Robots-Tag:noindex
X-PUBLISHED-TTL:PT1H
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:America/New_York
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
TZOFFSETTO:-0400
TZNAME:EDT
DTSTART:20250309T070000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
TZOFFSETTO:-0500
TZNAME:EST
DTSTART:20251102T060000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
TZOFFSETTO:-0400
TZNAME:EDT
DTSTART:20260308T070000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
TZOFFSETTO:-0500
TZNAME:EST
DTSTART:20261101T060000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
TZOFFSETTO:-0400
TZNAME:EDT
DTSTART:20270314T070000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
TZOFFSETTO:-0500
TZNAME:EST
DTSTART:20271107T060000
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260730T103000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260730T113000
DTSTAMP:20260717T182106Z
CREATED:20260717T182059Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260717T182106Z
UID:10000376-1785407400-1785411000@macentralpa.org
SUMMARY:Mid Atlantic Matchmaker Prep -  Session 1
DESCRIPTION:Registration Deadline: 7/29/2026 5:00 PM (EDT)Fee: No Fee \n\n\n\nPoint of Contact: Shippensburg University SBDC (717) 477-1935Location: The Manufacturing Association of Central PA\, 3405 Board Road\, Suite 100\, York PA 17406 \n\n\n\nTraining Topics: Government Contracting\, Manufacturing/Onshoring\, Marketing/Sales\, Networking Event\, Selling to GovernmentDescription: \n\n\n\nJoin us as we discuss and dispel the myths of capability statements; review the components of what should be included in the document; and examine a sample document to see what works and what doesn’t. \n\n\n\n\nRegister Here for Virtual\n\n\n\nRegister Here for In-Person
URL:https://macentralpa.org/event/mid-atlantic-matchmaker-prep-session-1/
LOCATION:MA Training Center\, 3405 Board Road\, York\, PA\, 17406\, United States
CATEGORIES:Event
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260727T083000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260727T160000
DTSTAMP:20260610T213110Z
CREATED:20260603T163804Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260610T213110Z
UID:10000303-1785141000-1785168000@macentralpa.org
SUMMARY:Intro. to Industrial Electricity
DESCRIPTION:Course Description\n                                  This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of electricity and electronics in commercial\, and industrial settings. It covers a wide range of topics including NFPA 70E® arc blast and arc flash requirements\, Ohm’s Law\, power optimization\, utility power factor and peak demand penalty\, load shedding\, power factor correction. \nThe course also emphasizes on the importance of safety\, math principles and applications\, and the understanding of symbols and print reading. \n                          \n\n      \n\n    Objectives & Outline\n                        The primary objective of this course is to equip students with a solid understanding of electrical and electronic principles and their applications in various settings. Students will learn about different types of circuits\, transformers\, electric motors\, and digital electronic circuits. The course aims to enhance students’ skills in taking standard measurements\, understanding meter abbreviations and displays\, and reading and interpreting schematics and prints. \nCourse Outline:\n• Introduction to Electricity Principles\n• Understanding Basic Quantities\n• Application of Ohm’s Law and the Power Formula\n• Importance of Safety in Electrical Practices\n• Application of Math Principles in Electrical Practices\n• Understanding Numbering Systems and Codes\n• Learning Meter Abbreviations and Displays\n• Techniques for Taking Standard Measurements\n• Understanding Symbols and Printreading\n• Study of Circuit Conductors\, Connections\, and Protection \n            \n      \n\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nDate:  July 27 – 31\, 2026 \n\n\n\nTimes: 8:30 am – 4 pm \n\n\n\nLocation: MA Training Center\, 3405 Board Road\, York PA 17406 \n\n\n\nCost (member) $850 \n\n\n\nCost ( non member) $1600 \n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n  \n    \n      Class Registration Form\n      \n                  Open Form\n              \n    \n    \n      \n\n\n\n    \n      \nSorry\, but registration is currently full for this course.
URL:https://macentralpa.org/event/intro-to-industrial-electricity/
LOCATION:MA Training Center\, 3405 Board Road\, York\, PA\, 17406\, United States
CATEGORIES:Course,Trade & Technical
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260724T080000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260724T153000
DTSTAMP:20260721T142411Z
CREATED:20260522T173703Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260721T142411Z
UID:10000294-1784880000-1784907000@macentralpa.org
SUMMARY:PLC Maintenance & Troubleshooting
DESCRIPTION:Course Description\n                                  The course is designed to introduce students to troubleshooting and PLC maintenance.  Some topics covered will be Input/ Output: Devices\, sensor types\, solenoids etc.\, Numbering Systems\, I/O Processing\, how a PLC operates\, Ladder Programming and how to read and understand a plc program. \n                          \n\n      \n\n    Objectives & Outline\n                        This course will give the student a good beginning knowledge of troubleshooting and maintaining PLC’s \nCourse Outline: \n\nTroubleshoot input devices\nTroubleshoot an output device\nTroubleshoot a plc input\nTroubleshoot a plc output\nTroubleshoot a plc program input\nTroubleshoot a plc program output\nSome Ladder Logic programming\nOmron and Siemens PLCs.\n            \n      \n\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nDate:  ( Friday 7/24\, Tuesday 7/28 & Tuesday 8/4) \n\n\n\nTimes: 8 am -3 :30 pm \n\n\n\nLocation: MA Training Center\, 3405 Board Road\, York PA 17406 \n\n\n\nMember Cost:   $875 \n\n\n\nNON Member: $1\,600 \n\n\n\n  \n    \n      Class Registration Form\n      \n                  Open Form\n              \n    \n    \n      \n\n\n\n    \n      \nSorry\, but registration is currently full for this course.
URL:https://macentralpa.org/event/plc-maintenance-troubleshooting-2/
LOCATION:MA Training Center\, 3405 Board Road\, York\, PA\, 17406\, United States
CATEGORIES:Course,Trade & Technical
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260720T140000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260720T180000
DTSTAMP:20260715T182330Z
CREATED:20260622T110444Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260715T182330Z
UID:10000348-1784556000-1784570400@macentralpa.org
SUMMARY:Skilled Basic Welder - York
DESCRIPTION:Course Description\n\n\n\nThis program supports the U.S. Maritime and Defense Industrial Base manufacturing through The Manufacturers’ Association’s Talent & Innovation Defense Ecosystem (TIDE) Project\, helping build highly capable and innovation-driven talent for our regional defense manufacturers. Whether you are a defense employer looking to skill up your existing workforce\, or an individual interested in working in defense manufacturing\, this course will deliver hands-on\, skill-focused training to help meet the critical demands of modern defense manufacturing in our region \n\n\n\nParticipants in this entry-level welding basics course will learn: \n\n\n\nBasics in SMAW\, Mig\, Tig\, and Flux Core weldingBlueprint readingWelding safety protocolsProper equipment setup and usage \n\n\n\n    \n  \n\n\n\n\n      \n      \n      \n\nDetails\n\n\n\n\nEligibility: Referrals from employers\, Referrals from partner organizations\, Qualified individuals\n\n\n\nCourse: Welding\n\n\n\nDates: July 20 – September 9\, 2026 (8 weeks)\n\n\n\nDays: Monday – Thursday\n\n\n\nTime: 2:00 pm – 6:00 pm\n\n\n\nLocation: Harrisburg Area Community College (HACC) – York Campus (2101 Pennsylvania Ave\, York PA 17404)\n\n\n\nCost: No Cost to qualified individuals or employers (TIDE Grant)\n\n\n\nQuestions: Quentin Moore (qmoore@mascpa.org) or Vicki Krotzer (vkrotzer@mascpa.org)\n\n\n\n    \n  \n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n      Class Registration Form\n      \n                  Open Form\n              \n    \n    \n      \n\n\n\n    \n      \n\n                \n                        \n							 \n                        \n                        Name*\n                            \n                            \n                                                    First Name\n                                                    \n                                                \n                            \n                            \n                                                            Last Name\n                                                            \n                                                        \n                            \n                        Email*\n                            \n                        Cell Phone*Please address the following questions:*\n								\n								I am a U.S. Citizen.\n							\n								\n								I am physically able to perform the tasks of this occupation.\n							\n								\n								I am able to pass a criminal background check upon completion of this training.\n							Company Name (If Sponsored)Company Address (If Sponsored)    \n                    \n                         \n                                        \n                                        Street Address\n                                    \n                                        \n                                        Address Line 2\n                                    \n                                    \n                                    City\n                                 \n                                        \n                                        State / Province / Region\n                                      \n                                    \n                                    ZIP / Postal Code\n                                \n                                        AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAmerican SamoaAndorraAngolaAnguillaAntarcticaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBonaire\, Sint Eustatius and SabaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBouvet IslandBrazilBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryBrunei DarussalamBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCabo VerdeCambodiaCameroonCanadaCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaChristmas IslandCocos IslandsColombiaComorosCongoCongo\, Democratic Republic of theCook IslandsCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCuraçaoCyprusCzechiaCôte d'IvoireDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEswatiniEthiopiaFalkland IslandsFaroe IslandsFijiFinlandFranceFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern TerritoriesGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGreenlandGrenadaGuadeloupeGuamGuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHeard Island and McDonald IslandsHoly SeeHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsle of ManIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJerseyJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKorea\, Democratic People's Republic ofKorea\, Republic ofKuwaitKyrgyzstanLao People's Democratic RepublicLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacaoMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritaniaMauritiusMayotteMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMontserratMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNiueNorfolk IslandNorth MacedoniaNorthern Mariana IslandsNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPalestine\, State ofPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPitcairnPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaRéunionSaint BarthélemySaint Helena\, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint MartinSaint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSamoaSan MarinoSao Tome and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSint MaartenSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsSouth SudanSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSvalbard and Jan MayenSwedenSwitzerlandSyria Arab RepublicTaiwanTajikistanTanzania\, the United Republic ofThailandTimor-LesteTogoTokelauTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluTürkiyeUS Minor Outlying IslandsUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaViet NamVirgin Islands\, BritishVirgin Islands\, U.S.Wallis and FutunaWestern SaharaYemenZambiaZimbabweÅland Islands\n                                        Country\n                                    \n                    \n                Company Contact (If Sponsored): First Name\, Last Name\, Email Address\, & Phone Number
URL:https://macentralpa.org/event/skilled-basic-welder-york/
LOCATION:Harrisburg Area Community College (HACC) – York Campus\, 2101 Pennsylvania Ave\, York\, Pennsylvania\, 17404\, United States
CATEGORIES:Course,Professional Development
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260720T080000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260720T160000
DTSTAMP:20260610T214907Z
CREATED:20260522T174010Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260610T214907Z
UID:10000295-1784534400-1784563200@macentralpa.org
SUMMARY:Industrial Motor Controls
DESCRIPTION:Course Description\n                                  This course will introduce the students to industrial motor control technology and troubleshooting techniques. Each student will wire several industrial motor control circuits employing motor starters\, relays\, timers\, etc. \n                          \n\n      \n\n    Objectives & Outline\n                        This class will prepare the student to recognize the various elements of motor controls and the techniques used to maintain them in an industrial environment. The student will develop a sound understanding of relay control circuits and motor starters. \nCourse Outline:\n• Rebuilding a relay\n• Design and draw an industrial control circuit\n• Wire a control panel\n• Reversing starters by designing several control circuits\n• Basic kinematics and programming \nPre-Requisite: Student should have working knowledge or have taken the Electrical 1 class \n            \n      \n\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nDate: July 20 – 23 \, 2026 \n\n\n\nTimes: 8 am – 4 pm \n\n\n\nLocation: MA Training Center\, 3405 Board Road\, York PA 17406 \n\n\n\nMember Cost:   $1050 ( includes book) \n\n\n\nNON Member: $ 1540 (includes book) \n\n\n\n  \n    \n      Class Registration Form\n      \n                  Open Form\n              \n    \n    \n      \n\n\n\n    \n      \nSorry\, but registration is currently full for this course.
URL:https://macentralpa.org/event/industrial-motor-controls/
LOCATION:MA Training Center\, 3405 Board Road\, York\, PA\, 17406\, United States
CATEGORIES:Course,Trade & Technical
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260713T090000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260713T153000
DTSTAMP:20260622T110516Z
CREATED:20260616T171700Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260622T110516Z
UID:10000323-1783933200-1783956600@macentralpa.org
SUMMARY:Skilled Basic Welder - Harrisburg
DESCRIPTION:Course Description\n\n\n\nThis program supports the U.S. Maritime and Defense Industrial Base manufacturing through The Manufacturers’ Association’s Talent & Innovation Defense Ecosystem (TIDE) Project\, helping build highly capable and innovation-driven talent for our regional defense manufacturers. Whether you are a defense employer looking to skill up your existing workforce\, or an individual interested in working in defense manufacturing\, this course will deliver hands-on\, skill-focused training to help meet the critical demands of modern defense manufacturing in our region \n\n\n\nParticipants in this entry-level welding basics course will learn: \n\n\n\nBasics in SMAW\, Mig\, Tig\, and Flux Core weldingBlueprint readingWelding safety protocolsProper equipment setup and usage \n\n\n\n    \n  \n\n\n\n\n      \n      \n      \n\nDetails\n\n\n\n\nEligibility:  Referrals from employers\, Referrals from partner organizations\, Qualified individuals\n\n\n\nCourse: Welding\n\n\n\nDates: July 13 – August 13\, 2026 (5 weeks)\n\n\n\nDays: Monday – Thursday\n\n\n\nTime: 9:00 am – 3:30 pm\n\n\n\nLocation: Dauphin County Technical School (6001 Locust Lane\, Harrisburg PA 17109)\n\n\n\nCost: No Cost to qualified individuals or employers (TIDE Grant)\n\n\n\nQuestions: Quentin Moore (qmoore@mascpa.org) or Vicki Krotzer (vkrotzer@mascpa.org)\n\n\n\n    \n  \n\n\n\n\n  \n    \n      Class Registration Form\n      \n                  Open Form\n              \n    \n    \n      \n\n\n\n    \n      \n\n                \n                        \n							 \n                        \n                        Name*\n                            \n                            \n                                                    First Name\n                                                    \n                                                \n                            \n                            \n                                                            Last Name\n                                                            \n                                                        \n                            \n                        Email*\n                            \n                        Cell Phone*Please address the following questions:*\n								\n								I am a U.S. Citizen.\n							\n								\n								I am physically able to perform the tasks of this occupation.\n							\n								\n								I am able to pass a criminal background check upon completion of this training.\n							Company Name (If Sponsored)Company Address (If Sponsored)    \n                    \n                         \n                                        \n                                        Street Address\n                                    \n                                        \n                                        Address Line 2\n                                    \n                                    \n                                    City\n                                 \n                                        \n                                        State / Province / Region\n                                      \n                                    \n                                    ZIP / Postal Code\n                                \n                                        AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAmerican SamoaAndorraAngolaAnguillaAntarcticaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBonaire\, Sint Eustatius and SabaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBouvet IslandBrazilBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryBrunei DarussalamBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCabo VerdeCambodiaCameroonCanadaCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaChristmas IslandCocos IslandsColombiaComorosCongoCongo\, Democratic Republic of theCook IslandsCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCuraçaoCyprusCzechiaCôte d'IvoireDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEswatiniEthiopiaFalkland IslandsFaroe IslandsFijiFinlandFranceFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern TerritoriesGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGreenlandGrenadaGuadeloupeGuamGuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHeard Island and McDonald IslandsHoly SeeHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsle of ManIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJerseyJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKorea\, Democratic People's Republic ofKorea\, Republic ofKuwaitKyrgyzstanLao People's Democratic RepublicLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacaoMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritaniaMauritiusMayotteMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMontserratMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNiueNorfolk IslandNorth MacedoniaNorthern Mariana IslandsNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPalestine\, State ofPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPitcairnPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussian FederationRwandaRéunionSaint BarthélemySaint Helena\, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint MartinSaint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSamoaSan MarinoSao Tome and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSint MaartenSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsSouth SudanSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSvalbard and Jan MayenSwedenSwitzerlandSyria Arab RepublicTaiwanTajikistanTanzania\, the United Republic ofThailandTimor-LesteTogoTokelauTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluTürkiyeUS Minor Outlying IslandsUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaViet NamVirgin Islands\, BritishVirgin Islands\, U.S.Wallis and FutunaWestern SaharaYemenZambiaZimbabweÅland Islands\n                                        Country\n                                    \n                    \n                Company Contact (If Sponsored): First Name\, Last Name\, Email Address\, & Phone Number
URL:https://macentralpa.org/event/welder-harrisburg/
LOCATION:Dauphin County Technical School\, 6001 Locust Lane\, Harrisburg\, Pennsylvania\, 17109\, United States
CATEGORIES:Course,Professional Development
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20260708T080000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20260708T120000
DTSTAMP:20260617T015056Z
CREATED:20260522T171752Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260617T015056Z
UID:10000293-1783497600-1783512000@macentralpa.org
SUMMARY:Shop Math 2
DESCRIPTION:Course Description\n                                  This course presents a review of Algebra\, and teaches the Fundamentals of Plane Geometry\, Geometric Figures\, and Right-Angle Trigonometry. \n                          \n\n      \n\n    Objectives & Outline\n                        Upon completion of the course the student will have an analytical approach to problem solving in understanding the fundamentals of Right-Angle Trigonometry\, and the Principles of Plane Geometry.   \nCourse Outline:\nA. Plane Geometry – Geometric Figures \n\nGeometric Principles for Lines\, Angles\, and Polygons\nGeometric Principles for Circles\, and Lines & Angles of Circles\nPythagorean Theorem\nB.  Trigonometry \n\nFunctions and Inverse Functions of Trigonometry\nSolving Right Triangles\nTrigonometry for Practical Machine Applications\nRight angle solutions\n            \n      \n\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\n\nDate: July 8 – August 7\, 2026 ( no class 7/20\, 7/22\, 7/24) \n\n\n\nDays: M\, W\, F \n\n\n\nTimes: 8 am – 12 pm \n\n\n\nLocation: MA Training Center\, 3405 Board Road\, York PA 17406 \n\n\n\nMember Cost:   $ 695 \n\n\n\nNON Member: $ 1040 \n\n\n\n  \n    \n      Class Registration Form\n      \n                  Open Form\n              \n    \n    \n      \n\n\n\n    \n      \nSorry\, but registration is currently full for this course.
URL:https://macentralpa.org/event/math-2/
LOCATION:MA Training Center\, 3405 Board Road\, York\, PA\, 17406\, United States
CATEGORIES:Course,Trade & Technical
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR